摘要：【中文】本发明涉及一种散粒基质河道循环水试验装置，包括主池、上游集水池、下游集水池、散粒基质层、测压管、多参数水质仪、拦沙栅、潜流泵、流量调节阀、回水管、可移动采样梯。其中，主池通过上游过水槽与上游集水池相连，主池通过下游过水槽与下游集水池相连，下游过水槽处设置拦沙栅，下游集水池中布设多参数水质仪及潜流泵，潜流泵的出水口处连接流量调节阀，流量调节阀通过软管连接上游集水池。主池内铺设试验所需的散粒基质，并根据需求建立不同形态的河流系统。本发明能够建立各种基质组成的不同形态的河道模型，并模拟河流长时间运行后的状态，为河流形态对河流自净能力等的影响机理研究提供了一种较完备的设备。 【EN】The invention relates to a particulate substrate riverway circulating water test device which comprises a main pool, an upstream water collecting pool, a downstream water collecting pool, a particulate substrate layer, a pressure measuring pipe, a multi-parameter water quality instrument, a sand barrier, a underflow pump, a flow regulating valve, a water return pipe and a movable sampling ladder. The main pool is connected with the upstream collecting pool through an upstream water passing groove, the main pool is connected with the downstream collecting pool through a downstream water passing groove, a sand blocking grid is arranged at the downstream water passing groove, a multi-parameter water quality instrument and an underflow pump are arranged in the downstream collecting pool, a water outlet of the underflow pump is connected with a flow regulating valve, and the flow regulating valve is connected with the upstream collecting pool through a hose. And laying a granular substrate required by the test in the main pool, and establishing river systems with different forms according to the requirements. The invention can establish river channel models with different forms and composed of various matrixes, simulate the state of the river after long-time running, and provide a relatively complete device for researching the influence mechanism of the river form on the river self-cleaning capacity and the like.

摘要：【中文】本发明公开了一种基于接触网先验信息的受电弓神经网络滑模变结构主动控制方法，首先，建立受电弓主动控制的弓网耦合模型，根据接触网分布规律和列车运行速度确定弓头理想垂向位移；其次，利用滑模控制设计受电弓神经网络滑模变结构主动控制器，通过对输入的弓头位移误差及误差变化率进行训练学习得到控制力；再次，利用RBF神经网络对滑模面进行优化，通过对权重进行自适应调整来保证系统的稳定性和收敛性；最后，通过接触线刚度突变和车身振动对受电弓控制器控制效果进行仿真分析。本发明对外部变化有较强的抗干扰能力，受电弓神经网络滑模变结构控制能有效减小弓头位移，及时对外界干扰做出响应，从而快速调整弓网动态耦合接触压力。 【EN】The invention discloses a pantograph neural network sliding mode variable structure active control method based on contact network prior information, which comprises the steps of firstly, establishing a pantograph-catenary coupling model for active control of a pantograph, and determining the ideal vertical displacement of a pantograph head according to the distribution rule of a contact network and the running speed of a train; secondly, designing a pantograph neural network sliding mode variable structure active controller by using sliding mode control, and obtaining control force by training and learning input bow displacement errors and error change rates; thirdly, optimizing the sliding mode surface by using the RBF neural network, and ensuring the stability and the convergence of the system by adaptively adjusting the weight; and finally, carrying out simulation analysis on the control effect of the pantograph controller through contact line rigidity mutation and vehicle body vibration. The pantograph neural network sliding mode variable structure control system has stronger anti-interference capability on external change, can effectively reduce the displacement of a pantograph head by the control of the pantograph neural network sliding mode variable structure, and responds to external interference in time, so that the dynamic coupling contact pressure of a pantograph network is quickly adjusted.

摘要：【中文】本发明提供了一种超细除砷吸附剂及其制备方法、一种除砷方法，制备方法为：向含Ca²⁺、Al³⁺和SO₄^2‑的溶液中加入表面活性剂，再调节pH至10.6‑12.9；再加热搅拌反应，然后过滤、洗涤、干燥，即得超细除砷吸附剂。本发明制备的超细除砷吸附剂，为单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm)，化学式为3CaO·Al₂O₃·CaSO₄·nH₂O，属三方晶系，为层状结构。与现有技术相比，本发明原料易得，成本低；通过固体吸附生活用水中的砷离子，吸附去除后形成的固化产物依旧是固体，好分离，而且，环境友好，无二次污染；另外，本申请制备的超细除砷吸附剂为固体，运输方便，使用方便，易于推广，居民日常生活中可用。 【EN】The invention provides a superfine arsenic removal adsorbent, a preparation method thereof and an arsenic removal method, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: to contain Ca²⁺、Al³⁺And SO₄^2‑Adding a surfactant into the solution, and adjusting the pH to 10.6-12.9; heating and stirring for reaction, and then filtering, washing and drying to obtain the superfine arsenic removal adsorbent. The superfine arsenic-removing adsorbent prepared by the invention is monosulfide hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate (AFm) with a chemical formula of 3 CaO. Al₂O₃·CaSO₄·nH₂O, belonging to trigonal system, is a layered structure. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials and low cost; arsenic ions in the domestic water are adsorbed by the solid, and a solidified product formed after adsorption and removal is still solid, is easy to separate, is environment-friendly and does not have secondary pollution; in addition, the superfine arsenic removal adsorbent prepared by the method is solid, is convenient to transport and use, is easy to popularize and can be used in daily life of residents.