摘要：【中文】本发明公开了一种牵引控制系统，包括：控制模块，用于在接收到应急供电指令后，控制牵引变流器和双向充电机启动；包括多个蓄电池、用于输出直流电的蓄电池组；牵引变流器，用于在接收到牵引指令后，将蓄电池组输出的直流电转换为交流电输出至牵引电机，以通过牵引电机驱动列车运行；双向充电机，用于在接收到牵引指令或辅助指令后，将蓄电池组输出的直流电转换为交流电输出至辅助负载和/或牵引变流器，以便辅助负载工作。本发明通过列车上既有的蓄电池来启动应急供电，可以实现故障列车的自主运行，效率高，同时通过蓄电池为辅助负载供电，提高了故障的列车在救援回送过程中舒适性。本发明还公开了一种牵引控制方法及列车，具有上述有益效果。 【EN】The invention discloses a traction control system, comprising: the control module is used for controlling the traction converter and the bidirectional charger to start after receiving the emergency power supply instruction; the storage battery pack comprises a plurality of storage batteries and is used for outputting direct current; the traction converter is used for converting direct current output by the storage battery pack into alternating current and outputting the alternating current to the traction motor after receiving a traction instruction so as to drive the train to run through the traction motor; and the bidirectional charger is used for converting the direct current output by the storage battery into alternating current and outputting the alternating current to the auxiliary load and/or the traction converter after receiving the traction instruction or the auxiliary instruction so as to facilitate the auxiliary load to work. The emergency power supply is started through the existing storage battery on the train, the autonomous operation of the fault train can be realized, the efficiency is high, and meanwhile, the storage battery supplies power to the auxiliary load, so that the comfort of the fault train in the process of rescue and returning is improved. The invention also discloses a traction control method and a train, which have the beneficial effects.

摘要：【中文】本发明涉及一种微乳液体系及制备方法，具体涉及一种聚丙烯酰胺微球体系及其制备方法和应用。所述微球体系在复合引发剂的作用下，经乳液聚合反应制得；所述乳液体系，以质量分数计，包括以下组分：10%~60%的单体；0.1%~3%的有机盐；3%~20%的乳化剂；0.01%~2%的助乳化剂；0.01%~1%的交联剂；0.001%~0.5%的引发剂；0.001%~1%的聚合助剂；10%~70%的去离子水；10%~50%的非极性溶剂。该聚合物微球体系作为乳状液驱的界面强化剂，可有效提高乳状液界面的扩张模量和剪切模量，提高乳状液稳定性，且聚合物微球与表面活性剂复配后具有很好的流度控制作用，提高乳液驱的调驱能力。 【EN】The invention relates to a microemulsion system and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a polyacrylamide microsphere system and a preparation method and application thereof. The microsphere system is prepared by emulsion polymerization under the action of a composite initiator; the emulsion system comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% -60% of monomers; 0.1% -3% of organic salt; 3% -20% of an emulsifier; 0.01% -2% of auxiliary emulsifier; 0.01% -1% of a cross-linking agent; 0.001% -0.5% of an initiator; 0.001% -1% of a polymerization assistant; 10% -70% of deionized water; 10% -50% of a nonpolar solvent. The polymer microsphere system is used as an interface enhancer of emulsion flooding, can effectively improve the expansion modulus and the shear modulus of an emulsion interface and improve the stability of emulsion, and the polymer microsphere and the surfactant have good fluidity control effect after being compounded, so that the flooding capacity of the emulsion flooding is improved.

摘要：【中文】本发明涉及油气田开发提高油藏采收率领域，特别是涉及一种自乳化体系粘浓关系描述方法。所述描述方法包括以下步骤：获取试验数据；利用最小二乘法回归求取粘度参数；以及根据求得的粘度参数建立自乳化体系粘度与地下剩余油饱和度关系描述模型。本发明方法根据复合驱的基本渗流规律，引入自乳化浓度及地下剩余油饱和度对水相粘度影响参数，建立了描述自乳化驱粘度的数学模型，提出了地下剩余油饱和度对自乳化体系粘度影响的描述方法。该方法可更准确、合理的描述不同含油饱和度条件下自乳化体系的粘度变化，从而准确预测提高采收率效果。 【EN】The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field development and oil reservoir recovery ratio improvement, in particular to a viscosity-concentration relation description method of a self-emulsifying system. The description method comprises the following steps: acquiring test data; solving viscosity parameters by using least square regression; and establishing a self-emulsifying system viscosity and underground residual oil saturation relation description model according to the obtained viscosity parameter. According to the method, according to the basic seepage rule of the combination flooding, parameters of influence of the self-emulsifying concentration and the underground residual oil saturation on the viscosity of the water phase are introduced, a mathematical model for describing the viscosity of the self-emulsifying flooding is established, and a description method of the influence of the underground residual oil saturation on the viscosity of a self-emulsifying system is provided. The method can more accurately and reasonably describe the viscosity change of the self-emulsifying system under different oil saturation conditions, thereby accurately predicting the effect of improving the recovery ratio.

摘要：【中文】本发明涉及油田开发技术领域，特别是涉及一种描述驱油剂在多孔介质中变形运移的力学模拟方法。所述方法包括以下步骤：步骤1，将粘弹性颗粒边界离散为一系列虚拟微粒；步骤2，计算每个边界虚拟微粒受到的作用力；步骤3，计算经过△t时间后各虚拟微粒的速度和位移；步骤4，将△t时间后的各虚拟微粒相连围成的多边形即近似表示当前时刻粘弹性颗粒的位置和形状信息。本发明方法实现对粘弹性颗粒驱油剂在多孔介质中变形运移的准确描述，完善了非均相化学驱油机理研究方法，为深入认识其驱油机理以及粘弹性颗粒驱油剂研发、非均相化学驱油体系设计提供了理论依据和应用手段。 【EN】The invention relates to the technical field of oil field development, in particular to a mechanical simulation method for describing deformation migration of an oil displacement agent in a porous medium, which comprises the following steps of 1 dispersing viscoelastic particle boundaries into a series of virtual particles, 2 calculating acting force applied to each boundary virtual particle, 3 calculating the speed and displacement of each virtual particle after △ t, and 4 approximately representing position and shape information of viscoelastic particles at the current moment by connecting polygons formed by all virtual particles after △ t, wherein the polygons are formed by connecting all virtual particles after △ t.

摘要：【中文】本发明属于石油开采技术领域，具体涉及一种低聚季铵盐型稠油降粘剂及其制备方法。所述稠油降粘剂为乙氧基季铵盐型低聚物。所述低聚物分子结构中的多个两亲基元之间存在较强的协同作用，在油水界面的排布更加紧密，从而具有优良的乳化能力。另一方面，其分子中含有多个EO基元，能够有效螯合稠油中的重金属离子，破坏金属离子与沥青质芳香片层的缔和，从而破坏沥青质聚集体结构。本发明所述乙氧基季铵盐型低聚表面活性剂单剂可有效降低高重金属含量稠油的粘度，降粘率可达76~95%。 【EN】The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploitation, and particularly relates to an oligomeric quaternary ammonium salt type thick oil viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof. The thickened oil viscosity reducer is an ethoxy quaternary ammonium salt type oligomer. A plurality of amphiphilic elements in the molecular structure of the oligomer have stronger synergistic effect, and the oligomer is more tightly arranged on an oil-water interface, so that the oligomer has excellent emulsifying capacity. On the other hand, the molecule of the heavy-metal-free asphalt heavy-oil polymer contains a plurality of EO (ethylene oxide) units, so that heavy metal ions in the heavy oil can be effectively chelated, association between the metal ions and an asphaltene aromatic sheet layer is destroyed, and the asphaltene aggregate structure is destroyed. The ethoxy quaternary ammonium salt type oligomeric surfactant single agent can effectively reduce the viscosity of the heavy metal-containing heavy oil, and the viscosity reduction rate can reach 76-95%.

摘要：【中文】本发明公开了一种基于低聚剂的粘弹性表面活性剂体系，由乙氧基季铵盐型低聚表面活性剂、阴非离子型表面活性剂和水组成，乙氧基季铵盐型低聚表面活性剂占0.05％～0.5％，阴非离子型表面活性剂占0.03％～0.8％，余量为水。本发明所述阴非离子型表面活性剂选自烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚磺酸盐或硫酸盐、烷基醇聚氧乙烯基醚磺酸盐或硫酸盐。本发明的该粘弹性表面活性剂体系兼具调驱、降粘双重作用，能够有效降低稠油的粘度，大幅降低稠油在岩石空隙中的粘滞力；同时，还能提高水相粘度，降低流度比，增加波及体积，从而有效提高水驱稠油采收率。 【EN】The invention discloses a viscoelastic surfactant system based on an oligomerization agent, which consists of 0.05-0.5% of ethoxy quaternary ammonium salt type oligomerization surfactant, 0.03-0.8% of negative nonionic surfactant and the balance of water. The anionic and nonionic surfactant is selected from alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate or sulfate and alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate or sulfate. The viscoelastic surfactant system has the dual functions of profile control, flooding and viscosity reduction, can effectively reduce the viscosity of the thickened oil, and greatly reduces the viscous force of the thickened oil in a rock gap; meanwhile, the viscosity of the water phase can be improved, the fluidity ratio can be reduced, and the swept volume can be increased, so that the recovery ratio of the water-drive thickened oil can be effectively improved.

摘要：【中文】本发明公开了一种基于低聚剂的多效驱油体系，由乙氧基季铵盐型低聚表面活性剂、润湿剂和水组成。乙氧基季铵盐型低聚表面活性剂占0.01%～0.2%，润湿剂占0.05%～0.5%，余量为水。本发明所述新型乙氧基型低聚表面活性剂如式所示，为实验室自制。本发明所述润湿剂选自支链或支链烷基醇聚氧乙烯醚。本发明的多效驱油体系兼具润湿反转和稠油降粘作用，能够有效降低稠油的粘度，大幅降低稠油在岩石空隙中的粘滞力；而且，能够使油湿油藏实现润湿反转，提高原油剥离效率，在多效协同作用下可有效提高水驱稠油采收率。 【EN】The invention discloses a multi-effect oil displacement system based on an oligomerization agent, which consists of an ethoxy quaternary ammonium salt type oligomerization surfactant, a wetting agent and water. 0.01 to 0.2 percent of ethoxyl quaternary ammonium salt type oligomeric surfactant, 0.05 to 0.5 percent of wetting agent and the balance of water. The novel ethoxy oligomeric surfactant disclosed by the invention is shown in a formula, and is self-made in a laboratory. The wetting agent is selected from branched chain or branched chain alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether. The multi-effect oil displacement system has the functions of wetting inversion and viscosity reduction of thick oil, can effectively reduce the viscosity of the thick oil, and greatly reduces the viscous force of the thick oil in rock gaps; moreover, the wet oil reservoir can realize wetting reversal, the crude oil stripping efficiency is improved, and the recovery ratio of the water-flooding thickened oil can be effectively improved under the multi-effect synergistic effect.