摘要：【中文】本发明公开了一种海绵状多孔结构硅基复合材料及其制备方法，包括如下质量份数的原材料：纳米硅10‑20份、膨化石墨20‑40份、金属Li 20‑40份、海藻酸钠10‑20份、分散剂2‑8份、有机溶剂2‑8份。本发明具有高首效、低膨胀和长循环等优点，海绵状的碳导电网络能有效的提高硅基材料的导电性，同时海绵结构能有效的缓解充放电过程中的体积效应，有效的避免了材料在循环过程中的粉化，缓解了硅基材料的体积膨胀效应、提升了循环性能，能提高材料的导电性和倍率性能。 【EN】The invention discloses a spongy porous silicon-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the spongy porous silicon-based composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of nano silicon, 20-40 parts of expanded graphite, 20-40 parts of metal Li, 10-20 parts of sodium alginate, 2-8 parts of a dispersing agent and 2-8 parts of an organic solvent. The invention has the advantages of high first efficiency, low expansion, long cycle and the like, the spongy carbon conductive network can effectively improve the conductivity of the silicon-based material, and the sponge structure can effectively relieve the volume effect in the charging and discharging process, effectively avoid the pulverization of the material in the cycle process, relieve the volume expansion effect of the silicon-based material, improve the cycle performance and improve the conductivity and the rate capability of the material.